Multivariate analysis of the distribution and formation of trihalomethanes in treated water for human consumption.

The disinfection of water for human consumption with chlorine or other compounds produces secondary reactions with the organic matter, generating undesirable disinfection by-products (DBPs). Among these are trihalomethanes (THMs), identified as carcinogenic compounds. This work determined the trihalomethanes concentration, both speciated and total, in treated water distributed and stored in tanks of residential condominiums of different social classes. THMs were quantified using static manual Headspace as preconcentration technique, injecting the vapor phase collected in a GC/FID. The results show that the water distributed to the homes already contains THMs, trichloromethane being the major compound. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) with 60 water samples showed that there is no significant distinction among samples of treated water distributed water and water stored in tanks. This study warns to the importance of controlling the formation of trihalomethanes in water throughout treatment and distribution for users.

Exploratory analysis of the presence of 14 carbonyl compounds in bottled mineral water in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers.

Carbonyl compounds (CCs) can migrate from bottles to mineral water because of plastic degradation. An exploratory analysis of the presence a significant number of CCs (14) in bottled mineral water with and without gas in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers was performed using ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS). The data from the analysis was submitted to chemometric treatment (principal component analysis, PCA). Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzaldehyde were found in all samples (0.07-125 ng mL-1). Acrolein and acetone were present in 81% and 75% of the samples, respectively. The concentration of acrolein in carbonated water was up to 3.8 times greater than that measured in non-carbonated water (0.07-0.44 ± 0.01 ng mL-1). PCA analysis showed that gasification can influence the composition of CCs present in mineral water and that the plastic material of the bottles is a likely source of CCs. In addition, benzaldehyde levels may be associated with the use of recycled materials.

Microplastic pollution in Southern Atlantic marine waters: Review of current trends, sources, and perspectives.

Microplastics (MPs) are emerging and ubiquitous contaminants which have been gaining prominence since the last decade to nowadays. This is due to their possible adverse effects in aquatic ecosystems as well as the huge amount of plastic waste exponentially generated around the globe. Plastics may be introduced either directly to water bodies or indirectly to the aquatic systems by being carried by the wind, from emissions of contaminated effluents, and soil leaching, among other processes. In turn, these debris may interact with organic and inorganic contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and trace constituents, and with microorganisms. Although the abundance of microplastics from South Atlantic waters is among the highest found worldwide, the number of studies in these marine waters regarding MP contamination is still scarce. Additionally, there still are no consensus on the best sampling conditions, which may be underestimating MPs. In this way, adequate MPs studies regarding their distribution, exposure levels, chemical and biological interactions are highly suggested in order to better understand both environmental and human health potential risks. This review assessed advances in sampling, analytical methodologies, characterization and understanding of MP sources in these marine waters in comparison to data from other regions around the globe.

Nursing care for a newborn with Lamellar Ichthyosis: a case study in a neonatal unit. / Assistência de enfermagem ao recém-nascido com Ictiose Lamelar: um estudo de caso em unidade neonatal.

OBJECTIVE: To present the nursing care of a newborn with Lamellar Ichthyosis admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a public children's hospital in a municipality in the state of Paraná, Brazil. METHOD: A qualitative intralocal study implementing the Case Study methodology, in which a real case was explored in a delimited system with data collection from multiple sources of information during 66 days of hospitalization in 2016. RESULTS: The nursing care present in the protocol was based on: maintaining skin integrity through hydration and continuous lubrication with emollients, temperature control, nutrition and prevention of secondary infections. CONCLUSION: Through the case study, it is affirmed that implementation of the Nursing Process, especially the care plan, was essential for the multidisciplinary success of the treatment. There was improvement in the skin and mucous membranes, as well as prevention of infections, culminating in favorable survival conditions and the autonomy of parents for home care.

Aplicativo móvel para uso do enfermeiro na avaliação clínica do neonato em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva / Mobile application for nurses to use in the clinical assessment of newborns in the Intensive Care Unit

Resumo: A avaliação clínica realizada pelo enfermeiro em unidade de terapia intensiva tem como objetivos constituir um banco de informações sobre as reais ou potenciais necessidades do paciente e estabelecer os diagnósticos de enfermagem, possibilitando elaborar planos de cuidados centralizados, oportunos e adequados. Essa etapa do processo de enfermagem é de extrema relevância, haja vista a diversidade de situações patológicas e terapêuticas com as quais se deparam os enfermeiros de unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica e neonatal. Este estudo objetivou desenvolver tecnologia assistencial de avaliação clínica do neonato em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, para uso do enfermeiro. Trata-se de uma pesquisa metodológica que teve como cenário um hospital infantil público do estado do Paraná e, adotou-se como base teórica a Teoria das Necessidades Humanas Básicas de Wanda de Aguiar Horta, adaptada. Estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, do Setor de Ciências da Saúde, da Universidade Federal do Paraná, sob o Parecer nº 2.947.877. Projeto financiado pelo Acordo CAPES/COFEN, Edital no27/2016. A Tecnologia Assistencial, consistiu na criação de App, Aplicativo Móvel para Avaliação Clínica do Neonato em UTI, para uso de Enfermeiros, com prototipagem baseada na ABNT ISO/TR 16982:2014 (ABNT, 2014), disposto em ciclos de design interativos. O desenvolvimento do processo de criação utilizou duas fases. A primeira, Fase das Informações que compreendeu a revisão bibliográfica, informações e análise dos dados. A segunda, Fase da Produção Técnica, contemplou duas de três etapas de produção tecnológica, segundo ABNT 2014: 1. Definição de requisitos e elaboração do mapa conceitual; 2. Geração das alternativas de implementação. Considera-se como limitações tratar-se de conhecimento específico, com necessidade de expertise para as etapas de construção, aplicabilidade e processo de progressão do aplicativo, para tanto a contratação de empresas júnior. A utilização desta tecnologia, permitirá o desenvolvimento do Processo de Enfermagem de forma ágil, segura e precisa nas intervenções oportunas e, personalizadas de Avaliação Clínica do Neonato, prevenindo morbi-mortalidade, impacto social relevante no âmbito da saúde. Poderá ser aplicada em outros cenários de cuidado semelhantes.

Abstract: The clinical assessment performed by nurses in the intensive care unit aims to provide a database of information about the patient's real or potential needs and establish nursing diagnoses, enabling the development of centralized, timely and appropriate care plans. This stage of the nursing process is extremely relevant, given the diversity of pathological and therapeutic situations faced by nurses in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units. This study aimed to develop assistive technology for clinical evaluation of the neonate in Intensive Care Unit, for use by nurses. This is a methodological research that had as its setting a public children's hospital in the state of Paraná and was based on Wanda de Aguiar Horta's Theory of Basic Human Needs, adapted. Study approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences Sector of the Federal University of Paraná, under Opinion No. 2,947,877. Project funded by the CAPES / COFEN Agreement, Notice no. 27/2016. Assistive Technology, consisted of the creation of App, Mobile Application for Clinical Evaluation of the Newborn in ICU, for use by Nurses, with prototyping based on ABNT ISO / TR 16982: 2014 (ABNT, 2014), arranged in interactive design cycles. The development of the creation process used two phases. The first, Information Phase, which comprised the literature review, information and data analysis. The second, Technical Production Phase, contemplated two of three technological production stages, according to ABNT 2014: 1. Definition of requirements and elaboration of the concept map; 2. Generation of implementation alternatives. Limitations are considered specific knowledge, requiring expertise for the stages of construction, applicability and process of application progression, for both hiring junior companies. The use of this technology will allow the development of the Nursing Process in an agile, safe and accurate manner in timely and personalized interventions of the Clinical Evaluation of the Neonate, preventing morbidity and mortality, relevant social impact in health. It may be applied in other similar caution scenarios.

Trauma maxilofacial: avaliação de 1385 casos de fraturas de face na cidade de Passo Fundo - RS / Maxillofacila Trauma: Evaluation os 1385 Cases of Fracture of Face

O trauma é considerado a principal causa de óbito nos primeiros 40 anos de vida, sendo responsável por maior redução nos anos produtivos quando comparado às doenças cardíacas e câncer juntos. Este trabalho teve como finalidade identificar o quadro epidemiológico da traumatologia facial na região de Passo Fundo - RS. O estudo avaliou 1385 prontuários de pacientes que foram atendidos por trauma dos ossos faciais no Hospital São Vicente de Paulo (HSVP), considerado centro referencial de saúde no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, especialmente para a região nordeste do estado. Dos prontuários avaliados, pacientes do gênero masculino com faixa etária entre a terceira e a quarta décadas foram os mais acometidos. O osso facial mais acometido foi a mandíbula e o acidente automobilístico foi a etiologia mais prevalente seguido da agressão física que também se apresentou relevante. Os dados obtidos com este estudo reforçam a importância da cirurgia buco-maxilo-facial e contribuem para trabalhos preventivos em campanhas municipais, especialmente em educação para o trânsito e violência urbana... (AU)

Tauma is considered the leading cause of death in the first 38 years of life, accounting for a greater reduction in the productive years when compared to heart disease and cancer together. This study aimed to identify the epidemiological picture of facial trauma in the region of Passo Fundo-RS. The study examined records of 1385 patients who were treated for trauma of the facial bones in Sao Vicente de Paulo Hospital (HSVP), considered a reference health center in Rio Grande do Sul, especially for the northeastern state. Evaluated the medical records of male gender was the most predominant. The age group most affected was the third and fourth decade and the bone most commonly fractured was the mandible. Motor vehicle accidents were the most prevalent etiology of physical aggression that followed also presented relevant. The data obtained from this study will enable, and reinforce the importance of expertise, attention to the main etiological factors of fractures of facial bones, in order to target preventive work that can be used in traffic and urban violence education... (AU)

Associated injuries in patients with maxillofacial trauma at the hospital são vicente de paulo, passo fundo, Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the occurrence, type and severity of body injuries associated in patients with facial trauma, referred to the Hospital São Vicente de Paulo (HSVP) in the city of Passo Fundo - RS, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study analyzed medical records of 1385 patients who were treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at HSVP during the period from 1991 to 2010. RESULTS: According to the results of this study we observed that 35% of cases of facial fractures were associated with a body injury. It was recorded a higher incidence of facial fractures in the male population (82.6%), aged between 20 and 39 years. The main etiologic factors for this association were car accidents, falls and assaults. Most fractures were recorded in the mandible and the main body injury found was the abrasion associated in some region of the body, however, when considering fractures of the face middle third the main body injury was more associated with cranioencephalic trauma. CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant injuries in areas other than the face should be expected first and foremost after high-speed trauma mechanisms and in association with severe facial fractures. The results underscore the importance of multiprofessional collaboration in diagnosis and sequencing of treatment who have sustained facial fractures.

Resistência à tração de colopexias incisionais realizadas por cirurgia laparoscópica ou celiotomia em cães / Mechanical failure of incisionals colopexys by laparoscopic or open surgery in dogs

No presente estudo, procurou-se avaliar e comparar as características histológicas e as resistências à tração de colopexias incisionais realizadas por cirurgia laparoscópica ou por celiotomia. Foram utilizados 15 cães separados em dois grupos, sendo que no GL, com oito animais, promoveram-se aderências do cólon por cirurgia laparoscópica e, no GA, por celiotomia. Os procedimentos laparoscópicos foram realizados por meio de quatro trocartes dispostos nas regiões umbilical, lateral direita e lateral esquerda, com os cães posicionados em decúbito dorsal. As lesões incisas produzidas no cólon descendente e na parede abdominal foram aposicionadas em duas camadas de sutura intracorpórea. Realizou-se sutura do cólon de forma semelhante nos representantes do GA. Quatorze dias após as cirurgias, os cães foram submetidos à eutanásia para a coleta de segmentos da parede abdominal e do cólon descendente, utilizados nos testes de resistência e nas análises histológicas. Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos no que se refere ao tempo operatório e de fixação do cólon, sendo tais valores maiores no GL (p<0,0001). As resistências máximas à tração foram estatisticamente semelhantes entre os grupos (p=0,65), verificando-se forças de ruptura de 43,68±16,45N e 39,70±15,15N para o GL e o GA, respectivamente. Os achados histológicos foram semelhantes entre o GL e o GA, sendo que, em todos os casos, as fibras de colágeno depositadas apresentavam-se maturas. A técnica de colopexia incisional laparoscópica possibilita aderências cirúrgicas semelhantes às obtidas por meio do método convencional, podendo ser utilizada como alternativa.